说一下默认的配置saveAsTable
方法会以parquet文件的形式存储数据,但是由于spark和hive使用的parquet标准不一致(对decimal
类型存储的时候,具体和精度有关如DecimalType(10,2)
会报错而DecimalType(38,18)
并不会报错)。
DecimalType
类型,会出现用spark存的表spark可以读取,hive客户端读取报错的问题。在spark中可以通过配置来更改spark使用的parquet存储标准(但是hive不能配置),所以在用spark saveAsTable
时最好都加上此配置: .config("spark.sql.parquet.writeLegacyFormat", true)
saveAsTable
会利用hive API将Dataset持久化为表,其中表的元数据默认用derby存了一个数据库中,表的数据会存在spark.sql.warehouse.dir
变量的文件夹下。
元数据的存储默认用derby数据库。
使用derby数据库:#下载wget -O ../db-derby-10.12.1.1-bin.tar.gz#解压tar -zxf db-derby-10.12.1.1-bin.tar.gz -C derby#配置环境变量export DERBY_HOME=/root/derbyexport PATH=$PATH:$DERBY_HOME/binexport CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$DERBY_HOME/lib#启动交互模式ij#指定默认协议ij> PROTOCOL 'jdbc:derby:';#连接数据库,ij> connect '/root/dir/metastore_db';#若没指定默认协议,则用:ij> connect 'jdbc:derby:/root/dir/metastore_db';#若不存在数据库则创建用:ij> connect 'jdbc:derby:/root/dir/metastore_db;create=true';#显示表ij> show tables;#执行语句ij> select * from table_a;#退出ij> exit;
若用java连接,需在classpath里加入jar包,为上面解压后的derby/lib/derby.jar(此版本为3.1MB):
import java.sql.Connection;import java.sql.DriverManager;import java.sql.SQLException;import java.sql.SQLWarning;import java.sql.DatabaseMetaData; public class Main { private static final String driver = "org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver" ; private static final String url = "jdbc:derby:test;create=true" ; static void printSQLException(SQLException se) { while(se != null) { System.out.print("SQLException: State: " + se.getSQLState()); System.out.println("Severity: " + se.getErrorCode()); System.out.println(se.getMessage()); se = se.getNextException(); } } static void printSQLWarning(SQLWarning sw) { while(sw != null) { System.out.print("SQLWarning: State=" + sw.getSQLState()) ; System.out.println(", Severity = " + sw.getErrorCode()) ; System.out.println(sw.getMessage()); sw = sw.getNextWarning(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { Connection con = null ; DatabaseMetaData dbmd = null ; try { Class.forName(driver) ; con = DriverManager.getConnection(url); SQLWarning swarn = con. getWarnings() ; if(swarn != null){ printSQLWarning(swarn) ; } dbmd = con.getMetaData() ; System.out.println("\n----------------------------------------------------") ; System.out.println("Database Name = " + dbmd.getDatabaseProductName()) ; System.out.println("Database Version = " + dbmd.getDatabaseProductVersion()) ; System.out.println("Driver Name = " + dbmd.getDriverName()) ; System.out.println("Driver Version = " + dbmd.getDriverVersion()) ; System.out.println("Database URL = " + dbmd.getURL()) ; System.out.println("----------------------------------------------------") ; } catch (SQLException se) { printSQLException(se) ; } catch(ClassNotFoundException e){ System.out.println("JDBC Driver " + driver + " not found in CLASSPATH") ; } finally { if(con != null){ try{ con.close() ; } catch(SQLException se){ printSQLException(se) ; } } } }}
通过derby可以查看hive元数据表,如下:
ij> select * from DBS;ij> select * from SEQUENCE_TABLE;ij> select * from SERDES;ij> select * from SERDE_PARAMS;ij> select * from TABLE_PARAMS;ij> select * from VERSION;